Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of Ocimum basilicum, Alhagi maurorum, Calendula officinalis and their parasite Cuscuta campestris

PLoS One. 2014 Dec 30;9(12):e116049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116049. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to study the relationship between presence of cytotoxic compounds in Ocimum basilicum, Alhagi maurorum, Calendula officinalis and their parasite Cuscuta campestris. The cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds was performed by MTT assay against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal breast cell line (MCF 10A). The induction of apoptosis was measured by the expression levels of p53, bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 genes using quantitative Real Time PCR. Three active fractions were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance as lutein, lupeol and eugenol, respectively, in C. officinalis, A. maurorum and O. basilicum. These compounds and their epoxidized forms were also detected in their parasite C. campestris. The cytotoxic activity of lutein epoxide, lupeol epoxide and eugenol epoxide was significantly more than lutein, lupeol and eugenol. The mRNA expression level of p53, caspase-3 and bax genes were increased in both cancer cells treated with all pure compounds. However, bcl-2 gene expression decreased in treated breast cancer cells. In conclusion, all the data indicated that the epoxide forms of lupeol, lutein and eugenol are potential drug candidates for inducing apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Calendula / chemistry*
  • Calendula / parasitology
  • Caspase 3 / genetics
  • Caspase 3 / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cuscuta / chemistry*
  • Eugenol / pharmacology
  • Fabaceae / chemistry*
  • Fabaceae / parasitology
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Lutein / pharmacology
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Ocimum basilicum / chemistry*
  • Ocimum basilicum / parasitology
  • Pentacyclic Triterpenes / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • BAX protein, human
  • Pentacyclic Triterpenes
  • Plant Extracts
  • TP53 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein
  • Eugenol
  • CASP3 protein, human
  • Caspase 3
  • lupeol
  • Lutein

Grants and funding

This study was financially supported by the University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.