Is there any relation of nanobacteria with periodontal diseases?
Section snippets
Introduction (background)
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, have been described as inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. The inflammation leads to pocket formation in the gingival tissue, attachment loss, bone destruction, and, eventually, tooth loss. Although these are multifactorial (bacterial, systemic, genetic etc.) diseases, the principal cause of their occurrence is dental plaque. Dental plaque is the community of microorganisms found on a tooth surface and is a biofilm
The hypothesis
The fact that nanobacteria is present in various pathogenic calcification incidences in the body and that it is responsible for the formation of calcification may remind us the hypothesis that it may be present in dental calculus which has a similar mineralization formation process and that it may play an efficient role in the calcification of dental calculus. Thus, nanobacteria may be considered to be a risk factor for the periodontal diseases providing that it has effect on the formation of
Discussion
The mineral combinations in oral fluids (saliva, gingival crevice fluid), oral microorganisms, and oral pH have effects on the mineralization causing dental calculus. Calculus formation is facilitated by an alkaline oral environment, which increases the precipitation of minerals from the surrounding oral fluids (saliva and gingival crevice fluid) [19], [20]. At neutral pH (7.0) saliva is supersaturated with calcium phosphate with most of the phosphate present in either the mono- or di-hydrogen
Conclusion
Nanobacteria may be proved to be a helpful criterion in explaining the relation of nanobacteria with periodontal disease formation considering the characteristics such as nanobacteria being capable of forming calcification, their being plaque bacteria, their habitation, their effects on immune system, and the places they have been spotted so far.
The presence of nanobacteria in specimens from the oral cavity (i.e., saliva, dental plaque, dental calculus or gingival crevicular fluid) of the
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2013, Acta BiomaterialiaCitation Excerpt :Additionally, bacteria within the plaque create intercellular alkaline regions that act as nucleators for subsequent biomineralization. In such a case, the matrix between the micro-organisms becomes calcified and eventually mineralizes the bacteria [38,39]. Over time, the mineral phase, the extent of mineralization and the type of mineral changes with progression of disease [17,44], thus increasing the overall mineral content.
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